| Notes |
Texte tiré de http://www.acadiansingray.com/Appendices-ATLAL-D%27ENTREMONT.htm
Philippe Mius d'Entremont of Cherbourg, Normandy, came to Acadia in 1651 as a lieutenant of Charles La Tour, a childhood friend. Philippe was 50, a lieutenant-major, married to Madeleine Hélie du Tillet, and father of a daughter when he was named La Tour's adjutant. In 1653, during his second tenure as governor of the colony, La Tour awarded the trusty Mius d'Entremont the seigneury of Pobomcoup, now Pubnico, near Cap-Sable, where Philippe and Madeleine settled for most of their time in Acadia; Philippe thus became the sieur d'Entremont, baron de Pobomcoup, lieutenant-major et commandant des troupes; His barony ran from Cap-Nègre, northeast of Cap-Sable, around to Cap-Fourchu near present-day Yarmouth. He built his feudal house near the entry to the harbor at Pobomcoup. One biographer asserts D'Entremont played an important part in the colony's history both because of what he did as an dministrator and because he was one of the rare Acadian seigneurs to concern himself with cultivation and with clearing land; he attracted to his estate 'several indentured workers and a few families from Port-Royal ... and this seigneury eventually formed a small centre of population. In 1670, at age 69, upon the restoration of the colony to France, Philippe became the King's attorney in Acadia. He served in this capacity until 1688, when old age and infirmity (he was 87!) compelled him to relinquish the post. In his final days he lived for a time at Minas with his older daughter and died in c1700 at age 99, with all his teeth, either at Minas or Port-Royal. He and his wife Madeleine had four more children in Acadia, including three sons who created families of their own. Their older daughter married into the Melanson dit Laverdure family.
Oldest son Jacques Mius d'Entremont, sieur et baron de Pobomcoup, co-seigneur of Port-Royal and Acadia, born at Pobomcoup in c1658, married Anne, daughter of Charles La Tour and Jeanne Motin de Reux, Charles d'Aulnay's widow, in c1678. Jacques and Anne had nine children, including four sons who married into the Amireau, d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin, Landry, Boudreaux, and Molaison families. Their five daughters married into the Dupont Duvivier, Dupont Duchambon, Landry, Boulais de Saillans, Pastour de Costebelle, Navailles de Labatut, and Lafitte families. Philippe Pastour de Costebelle was governor of Newfoundland when he married Jacque's daughter Anne at Port-Dauphin, Newfoundland, in February 1716. Anne married--her third marriage--to French baron Chevalier Laurent de Navailles de Labatut at St.-Eustache de Paris in France in August 1719. She lived at her husband's family estate, the Château de Navailles-Labatut, which still stands near the village of Labutat-Figuières in the Béarn hills north of the Pyrenées, in the far southwest corner of France. She died at the château in October 1778, in her 80s, when her D'Entremont kinsmen were languishing far to the north at the port of Cherbourg, to which they had been deported 20 years before. Jacques died in 1735 or 1736 probably at Pobomcoup. His descendants used the surname Mius d'Entremont or D'Entremont.
Abraham Mius, sieur de Pleinmarais, born at Pobomcoup in c1658, married Marguerite, another daughter of Charles La Tour and sister of his brother's wife Anne, in c1676. They had nine children also. Four of their daughters married into the Bourgeois, Crépeau, Channitteau, and Landry families. None of Abraham's three sons seems to have survived childhood, so this line of the family, except for its blood, did not continue. Abraham died in September 1704, in his mid-40s. His daughters used the surname Mius.
Youngest son Philippe Mius d'Azy, born at Pobomcoup in c1660, married first an Indian woman whose name has been lost to history, in c1678. Philippe also lived for a time at La Hève, up the coast from Cap-Sable. He and his first wife had five children, including a son who married into the Amireau dit Tourangeau family and settled at Port-Royal, and two sons who also married Indian women. One of those sons lived at Mouscoudabouet, now Musquodoboit Harbor near present-day Halifax Philippe's two daughters married into the Viger and Bonnevie dit Beaumont families. Philippe remarried to another Indian woman, Marie, in c1687. They had nine children, including five sons, four of whom married. One son married into the Lapierre family. The surnames of three of the other married sons' wives have been lost, so they probably married Indian women. Philippe and Marie's four daughters married into the Thomas, Guédry dit Gravois, Grand-Claude, and Cellier dit Charêt families. Philippe, fils's descendants used the surname Mius d'Azy.Some of them left peninsula Acadia for Île St.-Jean, today's Prince Edward Island, by the 1750s.
LE GRAND DÉRANGEMENT
Le Grand Dérangement scattered this family even farther:
While the British were gathering up the Acadians in Nova Scotia in the fall of 1755, Marguerite Mius d'Azy of Port Lajoie, Île St.-Jean, and her new husband, Jean Delâge dit Langlois, left the island for Québec, where Marguerite died in early October 1755, age 36.
There were descendants of Philippe Mius d'Azy still at Port-Royal in 1755. One of them, granddaughter Marie-Josèphe, married to Jean-Baptiste Raymond, was deported to North Carolina aboard the Pembroke in December. Soon after the ship left Goat Island in the lower Annapolis River, a storm in the lower Bay of Fundy separated the Pembroke from the other transports filled with Port-Royal Acadians. The exiles aboard the ship, led by Charles Belliveau, a pilot, and including the Jean-Baptiste Raymond, saw their opportunity. They overwhelmed the officers and crew of the Pembroke, who numbered only eight, seized the vessel, sailed it to Baie Ste.-Marie on the western shore of Nova Scotia, hid there for nearly a month, and then sailed across the Bay of Fundy to the lower Rivière St.-Jean in January 1756. There, in early February, they were discovered by a boatload of British soldiers and sailors disguised as French troops. The Raymond and the others managed to drive off the British force, burn the ship, and make their way with the ship's officers and crew to the upper Rivière St.-Jean settlement of Ste.-Anne-du-Pay-Bas, today's Fredericton, New Brunswick, where they spent the rest of the winter. When food ran short at Ste.-Anne-du-Pay-Bas in the summer of 1756, Jean-Baptiste took his family to the St. Lawrence valley. Marie-Josèphe died in a smallpox epidemic at Québec in December 1757 two weeks before her husband died.
Most of the Mius d'Azys at Port-Royal fell into British hands. Philippe Mius d'Azy's grandson Joseph, married to Marie-Josèphe Préjean, ended up at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in late 1755. His younger brothers Charles, married to Marie-Marthe Hébert, Francois, married to Jeanne Duon, and Jean-Baptiste, married to Marie-Josèphe Surette, and their families went to Massachusetts. In October 1761, Joseph remarried to widow Marie Vincent at Philadelphia. In 1763, after the French and Indian War finally ended, Joseph took his family to Massachusetts, where his younger brothers and some of his D'Entremont cousins were still living in exile.
In the spring of 1756, two English sloops, the Mary and the Vulture, transported approximately 170 Acadians from the Cap-Sable area to New York and Massachusetts. One of these Cap-Sable deportees was Jacques Mius d'Entremont, père's son Jacques, fils, Jacques, fils's wife Marguerite Amireau, and some of their children; they sailed on the Vulture to Boston, Massachusetts. Jacques, fils died at Walpole, Massachusetts, in July 1759, age 80, and was buried at nearby Roxbury. Jacques, fils's daughter Anne married Abel, son of fellow Acadian Jean Duon, at Marblehead, Massachusetts, in 1756. Jacques, fils's son Joseph married Agnès, daughter of fellow Acadian Charles Belliveau, in Massachusetts in 1763.
The other D'Entremonts of Pobomcoup, including children of the captured Jacques, fils, escaped the 1756 deportation. They may have made their way to one of the Maritime islands north of peninsula Acadia, either to ÃŽle St.-Jean, today's Prince Edward Island, or to ÃŽle Royale, today's Cape Breton Island, which in 1755 were areas still controlled by France, or, more likely, the family eluded the British forces in the spring of 1756 and remained at Pobomcoup. No baptismal, marriage, or burial record places any of the D'Entremonts of Cap-Sable on any of the Maritime islands.
Their respite from British oppression was short-lived. After the fall of the French fortress at Louisbourg in July 1758, 400 British soldiers disembarked at Cap-Sable in late September to search for Acadians still in the area. Two sailboats manned by British troops sailed along the shore of the Cap-Sable area to "prevent the vermin from escaping in canoes" one British officer commented. This time luck ran out for the D'Entremonts of Pobomcoup. The British burned all of the houses and other buildings in the area to deny the Acadians shelter and sustenance. In late October, the British embarked 68 Acadians they had captured at Cap-Sable, plus their priest, on the transport Alexander II. This probably included D'Entremonts. Several Acadian families escaped the ruthless Rangers sent out to catch them but surrendered to British authorities the following summer and were held as prisoners at Georges Island, Halifax. Meanwhile, the Alexander II sailed from Cap-Sable to Halifax, which it reached the first week of November. From Halifax, in December 1758, the British sent the Cap-Sable Acadians to France with other Acadians from the Maritime islands. The D'Entremonts went to Cherbourg.
Among the Maritime Acadians sent to France in late 1758 were Marie-Madeleine, daughter of Joseph Mius d'Azy and wife of Jean-Baptiste Henry, her younger sisters Geneviève, wife of Francois Guérin, and Rosalie, wife of Éloi Lejeune, and their brother Charles-Benjamin, married to Marie-Josèphe Guédry. They were deported from Île St.-Jean aboard the British transport Duke William, and all of them perished at sea. Their cousin Marie-Madeleine D'Entremont, widow of Jean Lafitte of Île Royale, also was eported to France in 1758. Marie-Madeleine D'Entremont ended up at Rochefort, near La Rochelle, where she died in August 1760, age 70.
That the Cap-Sable D'Entremonts were at Cherbourg by late January 1759 is attested to by the baptism of Abraham, younger son of Jacques Mius d'Entremont III and Marguerite Landry of Pobomcoup, at Trés-St.-Trinité, Cherbourg, on 22 January 1759; Abraham's baptismal record states that he was born "aux quatre Sables" on 8 December 1758, so this gives an idea of when the family was transported from Acadia to France. The following year, 1760, was especially tragic for the Cap-Sable D'Entremonts at Cherbourg: Marie-Jeanne-Charlotte, age 3 weeks, daughter of Simon, and Simon, age 5, perhaps another child of Simon, died in February. Claire, wife of Charles-Paul Hébert, age 50, and Joseph, age 72, son of Jacques, père, died in March. Charles, age 33, a bachelor, son of Joseph; Anne, age 30; and Marguerite, age 45, daughter of Charles, died in May. Two more bachelor sons of Joseph, Jean, age 27, and Abraham, age 38, died in June. Jacques III also died at Cherbourg in 1760. The rigors of deportation probably contributed to so many deaths in the family that year; also, French ports were hotbeds of ship-borne epidemics such as smallpox and plague. There were also moments for the family to celebrate, however, such as young Abraham's baptism in January 1759. But tragedy always lurked in the dark corners of their lives. Cécile, daughter of Joseph D'Entremont, died at Cherbourg in c1762, in her late 30s. Simon, son of Joseph D'Entremont and widower of Marie Amireau, married Anne, daughter of fellow Acadian Gabriel Molaison of Pobomcoup and widow of Francois Viger, in September 1763. Joseph, son of Charles D'Entremont, married Anne, daughter of fellow Acadian Francois Landry, in February 1764, soon after his parents died at Cherbourg. Joseph's son Joseph David was born that December, and Pierre Marin was born posthumously in August 1766; Joseph had died at Cherbourg in March. Madeleine, daughter of Joseph D'Entremont, married Jean, son of fellow Acadian Jean Granger of Port-Royal, in May 1764. That same month, Madeleine, daughter of Charles D'Entremont, married Basile, son of fellow Acadian Pierre Boudrot of Port-Royal, but she died in December 1770, age 40.Pierre, son of Charles D'Entremont, died at Cherbourg in July 1778; he was 47 years old and never married.
Not all of the D'Entremonts remained at Cherbourg. By the early 1780s, Jacques IV, now in his 20s, had moved down the coast to St.-Malo in northern Brittany, where he married Frenchwoman Marie Herve of St.-Malo, widow of Louis Langlinais of that city. Jacques IV signed as a witness to a marriage at St.-Servan, near St.-Malo, in February 1784, about the time that the Spanish government offered the Acadians in Louisiana the chance for a new life in faraway Louisiana. Jacques IV, wife Marie, and his widowed mother, Marguerite Landry, were the only members of D'Entremont family who agreed to take it, but Jacques IV, ever the aristocrat, put a price on his emigration to the Spanish colony. Before he and his family set sail for Louisiana in August 1785, in recognition of the noble status of his family in old Acadia the Spanish made him a captain.
Meanwhile, the Mius d'Entremonts and Mius d'Azys who had been exiled to Massachusetts and Pennsylvania waited patiently for the French and Indian War to end. When it did, in early 1763, they were able to leave the British colonies, where they had never felt welcome. Amazingly, Jacques D'Entremont, fils's children and grandchildren returned to their home at Pobomcoup! They no longer held the seigneury there--that ended with their exile--but at least they were home again. One of Jacques, fils's younger sons, Bénoni, died at Pobomcoup, now Pubnico, Nova Scotia, in February 1841, in his late 90s.
Joseph Mius d'Azy and his family left Philadelphia for Massachusetts in 1763 to join his younger brothers and his cousins there. One of Joseph's daughters, Marie-Cécile, married Frenchman Pierre Rinard of Granville, Normandy, in Massachusetts in c1765. By 1767, the Mius d'Azys also had returned to their old home at Cap-Sable--to Ste.-Anne-du-Ruisseau-de-l'Anguille, Pointe-à -Rocco, Pointe-des-Ben, and Bas-de-Tousket, now Tusket, near Pobomcoup. In the 1780s, one of Charles Mius d'Azy's sons, Barthélemy, married to Madeleine Doiron, moved to Arichat on Île Madame, off the southern coast of Cape Breton Island, formerly Île Royale, and then to Prince Edward Island, formerly Île St.-Jean, in the 1790s.But most of the Mius D'Entremonts and Mius d'Azys remained in the Cap-Sable area.
LOUISIANA: RIVER SETTLEMENTS
Only one descendant of Philippe Mius d'Entremont, baron de Pobomcoup, found refuge in Louisiana. Philippe's great-grandson, Jacques IV, son of Jacques Mius d'Entremont III and Marguerite Landry, came to Louisiana aboard La Ville d'Archangel, the sixth of the Seven Ships from France, that reached New Orleans in early December 1785. Jacques IV was only 29 years old when he made the crossing. With him was his widowed mother, age not recorded, his wife Marie Herve, age 30, son Jacques-Ferdinand, age 1, newborn daughter Marie, or Martine, born probably aboard ship, and three stepchildren named Langline or Langlinais, ages 11, 9, and 7. Infant Martine was baptized at New Orleans soon after the family reached the colony.
Jacques IV took his family to the Acadian community of Ascension on the river above New Orleans, where his wife soon died. He does not seem to have remarried. Despite the captaincy given to him by the Spanish, censuses taken at Ascension in the late 1780s and early 1790s reveal a man who was not much more affluent than his fellow Acadians. In 1788, Jacques IV, now a widow, was living on the left, or east, bank of the river, with daughter Martine and two Langlinais stepchildren. His spread along the river was 8 arpents wide (the typical Acadian land grand was 6 arpents wide), he owned a single slave, one horned cow, and one pig. Three years later, still living with his daughter and two Langlinais stepchildren, he could boast 10 arpents of frontage on the river, but he still owned only a single slave and one cow. His swine herd, however, had increased to 10.
CONCLUSION
Jacques Mius d'Entremont IV, the captain, and his wife Marie Herve, had no more children in Louisiana. Son Jacques-Ferdinand probably died in childhood. Daughter Martine survived and married Jean-Baptiste, son of fellow Acadian Jean-Athanase Trahan, at Atakapas, west of the Atchafalaya Basin, in July 1802. Since no male line took root in Louisiana, this proud, old Acadian family, except for its blood, did not survive in the Bayou State.
The family's name also is given as d'Entremont de Pobomcoup,Meuse, Miousse, Mius d'Azit, Mius de Pobomcoup, and also is spelled as Dantremon, Dendremont.
|
